+ Trump's power play at the Fed ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌
The Conversation

Top headlines

Lead story

AI, brain-computer interfaces, biotechnology – these are key elements of a coming technology-driven, radical transformation of humanity, according to techno-futurists like Elon Musk. Today’s Silicon Valley techno-utopians build on the thinking of futurist Ray Kurzweil, who claimed in his 1999 book, “The Age of Spiritual Machines,” that humans and machines will soon become one.

But while the particulars of this vision are rooted in 21st-century technology, it echoes the century-old futurism movement, which was featured prominently in Italy during the rise of fascism and in Russia in the wake of the communist revolution. It is arguably the same song – rapid technological advancement leading to an utterly transformed society – with updated lyrics, from an emphasis on the mechanical to the digital.

Michigan State University humanities scholar Sonja Fritzsche describes the futurist movement of the early 20th century, highlights the parallels with today’s techno-futurists and notes a key difference between the movement’s proponents today and those of the past.

[ Sign up for our weekly Global Economy & Business newsletter, with interesting perspectives from experts around the world. ]

Eric Smalley

Science + Technology Editor

Twentieth-century futurists celebrated flight, communications and manufacturing. Today, they’re inspired by space, AI and biotechnology. Davide Mauro/Wikimedia

Techno-utopians like Musk are treading old ground: The futurism of early 20th-century Europe

Sonja Fritzsche, Michigan State University

Italian and Russian futurists of the early 20th century imagined that technology would remake humanity. Today’s techno-utopians are not so different.

Environment + Energy

International

Politics + Society

Science + Technology

Arts + Culture

Trending on site

Today's graphic