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The Conversation

Welcome to the Saturday edition of The Conversation U.S.’s Daily newsletter.

As another weekend starts, you might find yourself thinking the week flew by, or perhaps it felt like a slow slog. Physicists and philosophers from the ancient Greeks to Isaac Newton have imagined time in different ways, and often as a flow. But as Adrian Bardon, a professor of philosophy at Wake Forest University, asks – a flow of what? Time isn’t something physical you can see and touch.

Bardon describes how the modern conception of time came to be and how science, including from Albert Einstein, has helped advance our understanding of it. As an eternalist, he takes the view that all time is happening at once, but as you move through the world, and events happen in series, you imagine time as flowing forward. In that way, he argues, time is a psychological projection in your mind. Imagining a flow of time helps us make sense of the world around us.

“Change just means that the situation is different at different times,” Bardon writes. “At any moment, I remember certain things. At later moments, I remember more. That’s all there is to the passage of time.”

This week we also liked stories on why people have baby and adult teeth, advances in lithium-sulfur batteries, and what Maine’s U.S. Senate race says about the Democratic party’s challenges in rural America.

One last note: If you find our work valuable, please support us. We’re giving all our donors a free e-book of our recent series looking at bold solutions to the affordable housing crisis.

Mary Magnuson

Associate Science Editor

Time isn’t an illusion, unlike optical illusions that trick your eyes. There’s nothing to ‘trick’ because it has no physical basis. BSIP/UIG Via Getty Image

What is time? Rather than something that ‘flows,’ a philosopher suggests time is a psychological projection

Adrian Bardon, Wake Forest University

Is time real, or an illusion? The best answer may be neither: Both physics and philosophy suggest that time is a projection of the mind onto a timeless reality.

Blue Origin’s New Glenn rocket lifted off for its second orbital flight on Nov. 13, 2025. AP Photo/John Raoux

Blue Origin’s New Glenn rocket landed its booster on a barge at sea – an achievement that will broaden the commercial spaceflight market

Wendy Whitman Cobb, Air University

Jeff Bezos’s aerospace company Blue Origin is now the second, after SpaceX, to land a rocket booster for reuse.

The icon has various iterations, but all convey the same meaning: an image should be here. Christopher Schaberg

Why two tiny mountain peaks became one of the internet’s most famous images

Christopher Schaberg, Washington University in St. Louis

The humble ‘broken image’ icon has a rich backstory – one connected to early web design, camera culture and our timeless urge to find meaning in the landscape.

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