Europe is not without tools to resist Donald Trump’s drive for Greenland. It could ratchet up tariffs, pressure American tech companies, review banking licences or sell Treasuries. But calibrating the response to such a mercurial yet mighty president involves painful choices. Getting dozens of countries to agree makes it harder still.

On the other side of the world, Japan’s prime minister called a snap election. Takaichi Sanae, who became the country’s first female leader in October, says it is essential that she should win a direct mandate from voters. What she did not say is that this is a gamble aimed at consolidating power while her approval ratings remain high.