Save Time on 3Rs Searches: Use AWIC's Search Hedges!
Use AWIC's 3Rs search strings to find information more effectively

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Animal Welfare Information Center

Find 3Rs Literature Faster With AWIC’s Premade Search Strings


Graphic of a white page with blue lines. There's a search bar over the page that says "3Rs" with a magnifying glass to the right.

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Looking for information on 3Rs methods (replacement, reduction, and refinement to animal use)? Search hedges developed by the National Agricultural Library's Animal Welfare Information Center (AWIC) can help you find it faster!

Search hedges (also known as search filters) are pre‑made search strings designed to pull high‑quality, topic‑specific citations from bibliographic databases. Just copy, paste, and adjust as needed.

AWIC has created a growing set of 3Rs-focused search hedges, including:

  • Non-animal models,
  • Alternatives in toxicology research,
  • Common laboratory animal species,
  • And more. 

These hedges can be mixed, matched, or edited to target your exact research or teaching needs. For example, you can combine your project‑specific keywords with the non‑animal model hedge using the Boolean Operator AND to quickly find replacement methods relevant to your research.

For more guidance on how to search effectively, visit AWIC's literature searching webpage for step-by-step instructions, examples, and additional resources. Contact us if you have any questions.


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