FIRST OPINION
Asking questions before we know why
NIBSC/Science Photo Library
Fifty years ago, researcher Robert Gallo and his colleagues made the landmark discovery of the protein interleukin-2, or IL-2. He reflects in a new First Opinion piece on the various reasons why that finding was so important. Not only did IL-2 make possible the discovery of the first human retroviruses, including HIV as the cause of AIDS, and become widely used in cancer cell immunotherapy, he writes, “its larger lesson is about the nature of scientific discovery.”
Gallo didn’t know all the things that IL-2 would make possible — and scientists shouldn’t be expected to answer questions about direct applications of their research in order to secure funding, he says. “If scientists must know the practical outcome before asking the question,” he writes, “they'll never ask some of the most important questions.” Read more.
politics
The census changes threatening public health
The Trump administration wants to make three big changes to the U.S. Census: eliminating questions about race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation; excluding anyone who is not a citizen or “lawful permanent resident”; and changing how it determines where people like college students or retiree “snowbirds” reside.
These changes, if passed, pose a big problem for both public health research and real-world federal assistance, social epidemiologist Nancy Krieger writes in a new First Opinion. That’s because things like race and ethnicity data are essential for how we track trends in U.S. morbidity and mortality and how federally funded programs determine who is eligible and where resources need to be allocated. This isn’t the first flaw to be highlighted in the census system, but Krieger suggests it’s what tennis fans might call an unforced error.
abortion
The future of mifepristone
Mifepristone, a pill used to terminate early pregnancies, has been caught in a tug-of-war throughout the second Trump administration as abortion opponents push for crackdowns on its use. Now the Food and Drug Administration say its safety review will continue into next year, with a report on findings expected by March 2027. Read more.