Hello Nature readers,
Today we learn that physicists have a new estimate for the maximum mass of a neutrino, discover a new way that a planet can meet its end and dig into the lawsuits scientists have filed against the US National Institutes of Health.

New data slash estimated neutrino mass

The most advanced neutrino weigh-in so far has put a new upper limit on the enigmatic particle’s mass, capping it at 0.45 electron volts (eV) — less than one-millionth the mass of an electron. Researchers studied 259 days’ worth of data to arrive at the new estimate, which cut the previous best measurement almost in half. Neutrinos are the only elementary particles whose mass is unknown. Measuring it could provide a crucial clue to how the particle acquires its mass in the first place.

Planet goes out in blaze of glory

Scientists have observed a distant planet plunging into the star it was orbiting, revealing a new way that planets can ‘die’. Physicists first spotted a bright flash from the planet in 2023, which they thought meant it had been engulfed by its host star during end-of-life expansion. When they used the James Webb Space Telescope to take a second look, they found that the star was too early in its life cycle to have started expanding. The team now proposes the planet’s orbit got closer and closer to the star over millions of years, until the two finally collided.

The toll of Brexit

“The Brexit vote, for me, was an end to the certainties provided by the European Union (EU),” says cancer researcher Diana Passaro. “At the time, I was pregnant and felt anxious about not being British.” Five years after the UK’s formal departure from the European Union, Nature asked Passaro and two other European research-group leaders about how the United Kingdom’s departure from the bloc affected their careers, and whether the fears they had in 2020 were realized. “Brexit highlighted the need for scientists to speak out about European Union ideals and more generally on the influence that political decisions can have on science,” says organic chemist Niek Buurma.

In tech bros we trust?

In More Everything Forever, science journalist Adam Becker meets the self-proclaimed elders of artificial intelligence to explore “technological salvation” — the idea that almost any problem can be solved by the application of computer science. Becker’s book, written before the rise of billionaire businessman Elon Musk into power in the US government, argues there should be more public debate of techno-utopian ideas. This argument seems to fall on deaf ears with his interviewees. “If only billionaires were involved, debating ideas would be futile — but young scientists might still be open to pragmatism and discussion,” writes computer scientist Jaron Lanier in his review.

Why we chew gum

Humans and chewing gum — or some form of it anyway — go way back. The Aztecs chewed petroleum-based natural bitumen, and before them, people in Scandinavia were chewing pitch made from the bark of birch trees. Perhaps unsurprisingly, oral hygiene was one of the main reasons people chewed back in the day. It cleaned their teeth and freshened their breath, says anthropologist Jennifer Mathews. But more than that, it likely helped people fend off hunger and thirst when resources were scarce, and could even have sharpened their senses and kept them alert.