A study published in Circulation: Heart Failure reveals that patients with type 2 diabetes and stage B heart failure exhibit impaired functional capacity. The ARISE-HF trial assessed the aldose reductase inhibitor AT-001's efficacy in preserving exercise capacity. Findings indicate that lower peak VO2 is linked to older age, female sex, increased NT-proBNP levels and reduced hemoglobin and eGFR. The study also identified three phenogroups with distinct characteristics. Limitations include its cross-sectional design and potential treatment effects.
A new study published in the Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications reveals that women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus before 24 weeks of pregnancy are nearly twice as likely to develop diabetes mellitus postpartum compared to those diagnosed later. The research, a systematic review and meta-analysis, analyzed data from 11 studies involving over 4,900 women. Key findings indicate that 12.8% of women with early GDM developed postpartum diabetes, compared to 6.1% in the standard GDM group. The study underscores the need for early intervention and prolonged postpartum surveillance for women with early GDM.
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Precision nutrition is an emerging field that tailors dietary recommendations based on an individual's genetic, microbiome, and metabolic data. Supported by a $170 million investment from the National Institutes of Health, this approach aims to optimize health by considering unique biological needs. Registered dietitian nutritionist Jennifer Bruning and RD Deb Ognar highlight its potential to prevent diseases and support weight loss, particularly for those with obesity. Unlike personalized nutrition, which also considers personal preferences, precision nutrition focuses on objective data to create targeted interventions.
Research highlights the significant role of dietary patterns in influencing chronic diseases and lung health. Registered dietitian nutritionists Mariah K. Jackson and Kathleen Garcia-Benson emphasize the importance of diets that provide nutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids and fiber, for reducing inflammation and improving overall health. Dr. Robert Wharton notes that plant-centered diets can directly impact lung function, with studies showing lower lung function decline in individuals adhering to such diets. Socioeconomic factors also play a crucial role in food choices and health outcomes.
Registered dietitian Emily Lachtrupp shares a 30-day anti-inflammatory meal plan designed to support healthy aging by reducing chronic inflammation, a common issue as we age. The plan offers a balanced approach with daily calorie options of 1,500, 1,800 and 2,000, focusing on plentiful protein and fiber intake, with at least 80 grams of protein and 29 grams of fiber each day. The plan emphasizes omega-3 fatty acids, fruits and vegetables while avoiding processed foods and added sugars.
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A research letter published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that 98.4% of US adults with obesity, diagnosed by body mass index, also had excess adiposity, suggesting that routine confirmation of excess adiposity may not be needed for diagnosis. The study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and included 2,225 adults ages 20 to 59.
Health care professionals are urged to look beyond obesity when diagnosing symptoms, as weight bias can lead to misdiagnosis and inadequate treatment. Dr. Caroline Apovian and Dr. Christopher Weber emphasize the importance of evaluating symptoms comprehensively, considering other potential causes. Dr. Elisabeth van Rossum suggests asking patients for permission to discuss weight, promoting a more holistic approach to patient care.
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Eli Lilly and Co. plans to seek regulatory approval for orforglipron, an oral GLP-1 drug, after a successful Phase 3 trial showed it was effective for type 2 diabetes and weight loss. The company plans to file for US approval in 2026 for diabetes and global approval for weight management by the end of 2025.
Pharmaceutical industry groups generally support an FDA draft guidance on weight-management drugs but suggested some clarifications and flexibility in study designs. They were happy to see the FDA recognize obesity as a chronic disease, noting that it is in the best interests of patients and will help facilitate products and practices.
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